Have you ever looked at a photograph from the Victorian era and wondered how people looked so “perfect?” Perhaps you observed slim figures. One of the biggest myths that circulate in social and fashion history today.

A common myth was that “everyone was skinnier back then.” We might think this when we see photographs and museum exhibits that feature small-waisted garments. With many examples of small-figured people, we might think that body diversity wasn’t around. This couldn’t be further from the truth. Body diversity did exist. There are surviving clothing items throughout history with waist sizes from 25 to 50” to prove it.

But the myth still persists. There are many reasons why it’s still prominent, from museum collecting biases to visual aids such as photographs, advertisements, and portraiture. Today’s blog post examines mid-to-late Victorian era photography and how photo editing skills feed into the myth.

Even though we think of photo-shopping as a recent invention, you’ll be surprised to know that they were using this practice (although on a much more primitive level) in various publications.

The Victorians manipulated negatives using pencil markings and scraping techniques to draw, erase, and touch up perceived beauty flaws. Period books, such as The Art of Retouching Photographic Negatives (1898), provide methods for altering the bust, neck, arms, mouth, hair, eyes, and dress.

I’m certain most of us have experienced this. Say a word repeatedly and soon it loses its meaning. What? What? What? What? What? What? What? WHAat? Whattt? Waaaaat? Whaaat? Whaaaat??

Did the word just kind of disintegrate before your eyes? Become strange, incomprehensible, or a meaningless string of letters? If so, what just happened to you is nothing new. The phenomenon was first described in The American Journal of Psychology in 1907. It was the research topic and dissertation of Dr Leon James in 1962. He demonstrated through several linked experiments that when people repeat a word over and over the word loses meaning. He was able to trace this effect in several areas including verbal learning, problem solving, bilingualism, popular songs, advertising, and stuttering…

Where is your cell phone right now? If you’re working, creating, or relaxing, it shouldn’t be nearby unless you actually need it. I’m writing my May 2nd blog, so my phone is in the family room—out of sight, out of mind, and no interruptions.

Your cell phone is a distraction. Period. It robs you of your focus. How often do you think about it, even if it’s not currently ringing or pinging for your attention? Maybe I should check it right now, right? Do you pick it up to see if anyone has texted you? Ah, now it has your full attention. So, you turn it over and put it down. Damn, you’ve lost your train of thought. The sad thing is, how many times during the day does this occur? Add all those up, and you’ll soon discover how much time you’ve lost. You’re trying to multitask, and guess what? It doesn’t work.